To cope with modern developments, especially in nuclear physics research, this textbook presents nuclear and particle physics from a unifying point of view. The first part, Analysis, is devoted to disentangling the substructure of matter. The second part, Synthesis, shows how the elementary particles may be combined to build hadrons and nuclei. A section on neutrino oscillations and one on nuclear matter at high temperatures bridge the field of ''nuclear and particle physics'' and ''modern astrophysics and cosmology''. New developments are also covered. This concise text has become a standard reference for advanced and undergraduate courses.