This textbook provides a multidisciplinary, comprehensive, and broad coverage of up-to-date knowledge about the anatomical and physiological bases for pain. In addition, it explains the bases for many forms of treatment and management of pain. The main types of pain -- pain that is caused by stimulation of pain receptors in normal tissue and pain that is caused by pathological processes and change in the function of the spinal cord and the brain -- are discussed in two separate Sections. The material is in a form that is suitable as a text for medical and clinical education and for those who do research in pain. Although the book is written for neuroscience students, medical students, professionals in pain management, this textbook can serve as a useful tool for the informed patient. The book is derived from my many years of teaching both undergraduate and graduate courses on the “Biology of Pain” in the Neuroscience Program in the School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences at The University of Texas at Dallas.