Medieval Japan ŚREDNIOWIECZNA JAPONIA

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historycznySquad

ed. John Hall and J. P. Mass

Medieval Japan

Essays in Institutional History

Stanford University Press

1988

270 a., tw., 22 cm

stan dobry (ślady po naklejkach na twardej oprawie)

Contents

Preface xi

Introduction xiii

John W. Hall

Part One: Court and Shoen in Heian Japan

1. Kyoto As Historical Background 3

John W. Hali

2. The Structure of the Heian Court: Some Thoughts on the Nature of "Familial Authority" in Heian Japan 39

G. Cameron Hurst III

3. The Development of the Insei: A Problem in Japanese

History and Historiography 60

G. Cameron Hurst III

4. The Early Development of the Shoen 91

Elizabeth Sato

5. Estate and Property in the Late Heian Period 109

Cornelius J. Kiley

Part Two: Bakufu versus Court

6. The Emergence of the Kamakura Bakufu 127

Jeffrey P. Mass

7. Jito Land Possession in the Thirteenth Century: The Case of Shitaji Chubun 157

Jeffrey P. Mass

8. The Economic and Political Effects of the Mongoł Wars 184

Kyotsu Hori

Part Three: The Age of Military Dominance

9. The Early Muromachi Bakufu in Kyoto 201

Prescott B. Wintersteen, Jr.

10. The Muromachi Shugo and Hanzei 210

Prescott B. Wintersteen, Jr.

11. Ikki in Late Medieval Japan 221

David L. Davis

Epilogue 248

Jeffrey P. Mass

Glossary 255

Index 261

Darmowy Hosting na Zdjęcia Fotki i Obrazki

Abdicalion See In Castle towns: urban rivals of Kyoto, 32 Adachi Yasumori, 184-185, 186, 192, 196 CVang-an: as model for Heian-kyó, Akamalsu Mitsusukc, 227, 231 11-12, 13 Akamatsu Norimura, 222 chiba house, 159 Antoku (emperor), 23 Chigyo-koku system, 21, 24 Arai Hakuseki, 61 Chinzei bugyo, 181, 182, 195, 196 Asakura house, 245 Chódai, 49, 50 Asakura Toshikage, 235, 238, 244 Chodoin (Official Compound), 5, 13 Ashikaga Motouji, 224 Chóko-dó: estate of Go-Shirakawa, 89 Ashikaga Tadayoshi, 215 Chokushiden, 69, 87 Ashikaga Takauji, 27; founding of Chugoku landai, 195, 196 Muromachi bakufu, 211-I2 ; rebellion Cloister. See In against Go-Daigo, 222 Ashikaga Yoshiaki, 32 Daidairi (Great Pałace Enclosure) 18, 19, Ashikaga Yoshihisa, 241 20; layout, 12, 13; attempts at re- Ashikaga Yoshimasa, 233 construction by Go-Daigo, 27 Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, 224, 226 Daidembó-in, 81, 83 Ashikaga Yoshinori, 227 Daigo Genji, 57 Ashikaga Yoshitane, 242 Daigo-ji Enkó-in, 83 Asuka region: site of pre-Heian capitals, Daigokuden (Great Audience Hali), 10, 4-7 13, 15 Atsuko (princess), 72 Daikakuji, 30 Aztikari-dokoro, 110; disputes with jito, Dairi (Pałace), 13, 15; reconstruction by 112, 164-65, 168, 177; authority of, Go-Shirakawa, 77 160-61 Dajodaijin, 54-55n Azumabito Ikue-no-Omi, 99-100 Dajokan, 96 Dajó-tenno, 64-65 Baku/u: definition, 146n; weakness as Denka no watari-ryo, 43n system of government, 210 Dokyo (priest), 7, 59 Benkan, 54 Doso, 202 Bell o, 48, 53, 79 Bifukumon"in (princess), 76, 77, 88 Emperor: source of legitimacy to Toku- Brownlee, John S., 61 gawa house, 34; private orfice, 54; Buddhism: buttress of imperiał power, 7; position of, 55, 59; Sekkanke domina- in Kyoto, 25-26 tion of, 57-58. See also In-no-cho Bungaku, 46 Engakuji, 168 Burakuin (Reception Compound), 13 Enryakuji: expansion of power, 22; destruction by Nobunaga, 33 Capitals, pre-Heian: Asuka area, 4-7; En'yu (emperor), 64, 66 as reflection of social and political processes, 11. See also Heian-kyo; Frois, Father Luis: description of Kyoto, Kyoto 31-32 262 Fudono, 52, 79 Fujiwara (ancient capilal), 5-6 Fujiwara Fubito, 44 Fujiwara Fusasaki, 40 Fujiwara Hirotsugu, 7 Fujiwara house: domination of court by northern branch, 10, 19, 67, 109, 110; mandokoro, 19, 52-53, 61; northern branch, 39-40, 44, 112; uji, 43-44, 45; ceremoniał branch, 44; capital branch, 44; southern branch, 44; samurai-dokoro, 52; loss of control of emperor, 68; internal disunity, 68, 77; decline in power of, 71; status of, 110 Fujiwara Kishi, 67 Fujiwara Michinaga, 45, 67, 122 Fujiwara Michinori, 77 Fujiwara Morimichi, 73 Fujiwara Morotada, 50/i Fujiwara Morozane, 70, 73, 77 Fujiwara Moshi, 69 Fujiwara Norimichi, 70 Fujiwara Shishi, 72 Fujiwara Shóshi, 67 Fujiwara Tadamichi, 43, 75, 77 Fujiwara Tadazane, 43, 73, 75, 116 Fujiwara Yorimichi, 67-68 Fujiwara Yorinaga, 43, 87 Fujiwara Yoshifusa, 101 Fujiwara Yoshinobu, 69 Fuko, 66 Fukuhara episode, 22-23 Fushimi (Hideyoshi's palące), 33 Geki, 54 Gempei seisitiki, 77 Gempei War, 127; origins, 135-37; localized conflicts, 138, 143; Minamoto setbacks, 138-39; Minamoto vs. Mina¬moto in, 139; failure to resolve major issues, 151 Genji. See Minamoto house Gesu, 155n, 178 Ginkakuji, 28 Giyoden, 18 Go-Daigo (emperor): role in the Kemmu affair, 26-27; and financing of imperiał house, 205 Gofuku-dokoro, 52, 79 Goin, 66-67 INDEX Go-Kógon (emperor), 206 Cio-Reizei (emperor), 68 Goryd, 87 Go-Sanjo (emperor), 60; reign of, 67 rejuvcnation of imperiał house re-sourues, 69; abdication, 69-70; expan-sion of imperiał estates, 86 Go-Shirakawa (emperor): relation to imperiał "vow" temples and residences, 20; relations with Taira, 23, 128, 131; reign, 76-77; as In, 77-78, 131; expan-sion of imperiał estates, 87 Go-Suzaku (emperor), 68 Go-Toba (emperor): residences, 17-19, 23, 24, 25; relation to imperiał "vow" temples and residences, 20 Gozen temples, 28 Gukansho, 61 Gyoen (Pałace Enclosure), 34 Hachijo-in (princess), 88 Hachijoin-ryó, 76 Hachiman Shrine, 187 Hakata, 30 Hali, John W., 33, 39, 40, 43, 45, 58, 62- 63, 82, 127n Hamuro house, 40 Hanzei, 182; compared with hyórdrydsho, 216; shugo enforcement of, 217; objectives of 217, 220; shugo contro! of, 219-20; decline in resort to, 220; exclusions from, 220 Hatakeyama house, 159, 232, 233 Hatakeyama Kunikiyo, 212 Hatakeyama Masanaga, 236 Hatakeyama Mochikuni, 228 Hatakeyama Yoshinari, 236, 237 Hayashiya Tatsusaburó, 62 Heian aristocracy. See Kuge Heian-kyó: exemplar of kuge tradition, 3-4; entered by emperor Kammu in 794, 7; layout, 7-10; reflection of Heian political and social processes, 11; model for, 11-12; defense of, 12; ejcclusion of Buddhtst temples from, 12; pałace architecture, 13 Heian stale: patron-client relations, 52n, 110-11, 116; political society, 54-56; locus of decision-making, 54; land ownership, 104; property system, IW 10, 123, 124; esiaiisl characier, li: 113-14, 124; as a "judicial" organiza- Hyakurensho, 11 tion, 114; monopoly of judicial and Hyójoshu, 193-95 prestige dislribulion functions, 114; Hyóróryosho: earliest evidence of, 212; capitaPs control of land resourccs, purposes of, 212-13, 214-15; varieties 114-15; loss of aulhority by court, of, 213; differing interpretations by 123 bakufu and court, 214; bakufu policy Heiji Disturbance, 128// clarified, 215-16; effects of, 218; shugo Heijo-kyo, 6-7 and shogun authorization of, 218 Heishi. See Taira house Higashi-Sanjó Dono. 20 le, 40, 45 Htki Tonai Tomomune. 149 Ikki: definition, 221; original meaning, Hirayama Kozo, ] 70n 222; types of, 221-22; as a nonfeudal Hikitsukeshu, 194. 195 form of local organization, 223-24; Hogandai, 79 and decentralization, 243, 245 Hogen Disturbance: Sutoku-Toba strife Ikkó-ikki: attacks on Kyoto, 31; most as one cause, 75, 128; symptom of significant of ikki 237-38; relations segmentary factionalism, 110, 113; with kokujin, 239-40; origins, 241; effects on central political world, 114 factional struggle within, 242; as a Hójó family: as jitó of Tomita sho. 168; form of government organization, 243; attempts to revive central authority, rebellion against Togashi Masachika, 169; participation in Shimotsuki In- 244; politicał organization, 245 cident, 192; control of Kamakura lkkó sect. See Jodo Shinshu bakuju, 193-96; family council as an Imperiał estates: held by Buddhist organ of the state, 194; increase in temples, 87; held by retired imperiał number of shugo posts, 194; reliance ladies, 88; In control of, 88 upon direct retainers, 195; mono- Imperiał house: changing position of, poiization of bakufu offices in Kyushu. 55-57; weaknesses of, 57-58; increase 195; intrafamily power struggles, 195- in power under Shirakawa, 70-74; 96 development of a power base under Hojo Kanetoki, 195 Go-Shirakawa, 78; estates of, 85-86; Hojo Muneyasu, 150 increase in shóen holdings, 86; financial Hoj5 Muneyori, 195 weakness of, 86 Hojo Sadatoki, 194, 196 Imperiał state: changes in, 54-55 Hojo Tokiie, 195 In: tempie residences of, 20-22; ascen- Hojó Tokimune, 193, 196 dancy over Fujiwara, 22; relationship Hokke. See Fujiwara house, northern with Buddhist temples, 22; abdication branch in pre-insei period, 63; sources of Honchd seiki, 11 power, 66-67; promotion of immune Honganji, 26; sources of strength and shóen, 118; authority of, 131; as an appeal, 239-łO; control of Kaga opponent of Taira Kiyomori, 133 Province, 243. See also Ikkó-ikki Inagaki Yasuhiko, 170/;, 179 Hongokuji, 26, 31 ln-no-chd: ex-sovereign's office prior to, Honjo, 105 60; first appearance, 65; issuance of Honke 88 105 107 documents, 65-66; structure of, 78-83; Horikawa (emperor), 71, 72 similarities with Sekkanke mandokoro Hosokawa house 222 223 79; administratwe processes, 79-81; Hosokawa Katsumoto, 233, 238 documents of, 80-81; pnmary function Hosokawa Masamoto 237, 242 of, 81-83; extent of authority of, 81 Hosokawa Mochiyuki, 228 83; appointment to, 84n; expans.cn ot Hosokawa Yoriyuki, 224, 226 power of, 118 Hósshóji, 20, 21 In-no-kinshin, 65, 83-86 264 Inouc Mitsusada, 64n Insei: standard interpretation, 60-62; origins and development of term, 61; revisionism, 62; reinterprelation of, 89-90 Inshi. See In-no-kinshin Isaku-no-sho, 180 Ise Sadataka, 237 Ise Taira, 57, 84 Ishimoda Shó, 62, 87, 116 Jibi-hon-gó, 166 Jien (priest), 61 Mata, 207 Jinnó shótóki, 61 Jissatsu tempie, 28 Jito: function under Taira Kiyomori, 132«; Kamakura baku/u jurisdiction over, 151-52; naturę in the Kamakura period, 157; types of, 157-58; con-firmatory type, 157-58; externally imposed type, 159; investiture, 160; immunities, 160; external imposition of 160-61; power struggles with azukari-dokoro, 162, 164-65, 168, 177; control of shden administrative person-nel, 164; struggles with rydke, 170n, 171-72; police authority, 17I/i; dif-fusion of, 178 Jitódai, 162rt Jizamurai, 21A Jódo Shinshu, 234 Joei Code, 197 Jokyu War, 24-25 JozaimorTin (princess), 88 Jurakudai, 33 Kafu, 46 Kaga-ikki. See Ikkd-ikki Kai Tsuneharu, 232, 234 Kaju, 46 Kamakura bakufu; stabilizing influence of, 24; founding of, 124, 142; samurai-dokoro, 138; relations with the court, 144; emergence as a national institution, 147; expansion of control into non-Kantó areas, 148-50; consolidation of control, 148; as an independent govern-ment, 148; expansion of power, 153; power to appoint y7(ó, 153-54; limits of power, 154-56; adjudication of locai disputes, 162-63; jurisdiction over litigation, 165; jurisdiction over jitu 166; encouragement of wayo settle-ments, 174-75; control of foreign policy, 196; increase in control over religion, 197; confirmation of shiki rights of vassals in Kyushu, 197 Kammu (emperor), 7, 54 Kampaku, 43, 44 Kanazawa Midó, 243, 245, 246 Kan'in Fuji wara, 40, 45, 84 Kanjuji Fujiwara, 40, 45, 84 Kanzan'in Fujiwara, 45 Kebiishi-chó, 24; displacement by Muro-machi bakufu samurai-dokoro, 204-08 passim Kegon sect, 7 Keishi, 48-49, 84; client relationship with kugyd, 48-52 Keitai (emperor), 63n Kemmon-seika, 54 Kemmu affair, 26-27 Kemmu shikimoku, 202 Ke'nin, 49-50 Keryó, 46^18 Keryo shokuin-ryó, 46 Kinkakuji, 28 Kinri, 34, 36 Kiroku shoen kenkeisho^ 69 Kishin, 88, 104, 115 Kishi Toshi, 100 Kiso Yoshinaka, 143 Kitabatake Chikafusa, 61 Kiyomihara, 5 Kobayagawa house, 163 K6 brothers, 215 Koei, 121 Kofukuji, 22 Koji-ruien, 79 Kóken (empress), 64 Kokubunji system, 7 Kokugaryd, 21, 116 Kokujirt, 234 Kokujin-ikki. See Kuni-ikki Kondó Kunihara, 149 Konoe (emperor), 21, 76 Konoefu, 54 Konoe house, 168 Konoe Michitsugu, 217 Kóno house, 150 Kóshitsu, 56 IND LX Koloku (empcror), 5 Koyoin, 23 Kitbwiden, 92 Kuge: relalionship uilh Buddhism, 15-16, 21-22; symbol of political legitimacy, 27; new sources of wealth, 28; roles of, 109; erosion of power of, 118, 204-05 kugyó: definition, 18; house administra-lion organization, 46-48; priva(ization of household official system, 48-50; cornposition, 53//, 56/J; uji representa-lion, 55«; change in composition, 68, 71 Kumazaka-no-shó, 180, 181 Kumon, 164 Kumonjo, 138 Kuni, 7 Kuni-ikki: peasant opposilion to, 232; nalure of 233-37 Kuroda Toshio, 39, 45, 62-63 Kurbdo, 54 Kurodo-dokoro, 79 Kuroila Katsumi, 61 Kuwabara-no-sho: origins, 97-98, 100; management, 99-100; administrative personnel patterns, 100; nalure of, 100-01; tax immunity, 101, 103, 104 Kyolo: under Hideyoshi, 12; following the Gempei War, 23; compared with Kamakura 25; center of newly popular Buddhist sects, 25; economic activity, 26, 206; the medieval Miyako, 27-30, 32, 33-34; Onin War battlefield, 30; cenier of popular cullure, 30-31; under the Tokugawa shogunate, 34-37; last days as city of the emperor, 37; following the Meiji Restoration, 37; and Tokyo, 37-38; political hub of civil government, 115, 201. See also Heian-kyó Kyoto machibugyó, 34 Kyoto shoshidai, 34 Kyoto shugo, 24 Kyógoku house, 228 Maeda house, 246 Makino Shinnosuke, 181n Mandokoro, 19, 52; document issuing po wers, 53 Masahito (prince). See Go-Shirakawa Masuda house, 150 Matsuura-no-shó, 131 265 Meiliama biigyó, 195 Mimiya, 52, 79 Minamoto house: surname for nonroyal imperiał princes, 56; kugyd position, 71; drive to power, 133; sources of power, 137; internal dissension, 141-42, 143-44; recruitment of vassals, 147 Minamoto Mitsunaka, 50« Minamoto Motoko, 70 Minamoto Takaakira, 50zi Minamoto Yorichika, 50/i Minamolo Yorimitsu, 50rc Minamoto Yorinobu, 50n Minamoto Yoritomo: rebuilds Pałace Compound, 23; sources of appeal, 135; attempts at compromise with Kiyomo-ri, 140; desire to expand beyond Kanto, 141; control of Kanto, 146; extension of authority, 146-47; appointment of provincial governors, 150—5I«.; acąuisi-tion of power to appoint shugo and jito, 152-53; political ascendancy, 156 Minamoto Yoshinaka, 139, 144, 147 Minamoto Yoshitomo, 111 Minamoto Yoshitsune: as Yoritomo's deputy in Kyoto, 148; rivalry with Yoritomo, 149; appointed as jito for Kyushu, 152; finał break with Yori¬tomo, 152-53 Minamoto Yukiie, 143 Minbusho, 96 Miri Estate, 171-72 Miuchi house, 194 Miura house, 192 Miyako. See Kyoto Mokudai, 136 Monchujo, 138 Mongoł Invasions: Kamakura bakufus use of land to reward yassals, 184, 185; bakufus use of jitó-shiki to reward vassals, 185; baku/u war rewards to religious institutions, 186-87; baku/u policy to ease economic plight of yassals following. 187-91; cause of jnso!vency of bakufu vassals, 189-90; effect on inheritance patterns and elan organization, 191-93; contribution to rise of Hojo family, 193; expans.on of Kamakura bakufu authority over taxes following, 197-98 Monzeki-jiin, 22 266 Morihito (prince). Sec Nijo Motoori house, 238, 241 Mount Hiei. Sec Sammoit Munehito (prince), See Tobą Murakami Genji, 57 Muro, 30 Muromachi bak u fu: administrative and economic ties to Kyoto, 201; samurai-dokoro, 202-08; economic and political policies defined, 202-03; limits on power of, 203; expansion of authoriiy, 203-04, 205, 207-08; control over commercial enterprises, 204, 206, 209; control of civil administrative func-tions, 209; relationship to shóen sys-lem, 215; disunion within, 215; controi of vassals, 223; control of country, 224; upset in balance of power, 233 Muromachi Dono, 28 Mushadokoro-chd, 79 Myoshu, 159 Nagaoka, 7 Nagara Toyosaki, 5 Nagalo. See Chugoku tandai Nakahara Hisatsune, 149 Nakamikado Fujiwara, 45 Nakazawa Motokazu, 174-76 Naniwa, 4, 5, 7 Nengu, 163 Nenkyu, 66 Nihon gaishi, 61 Niimi-no-shó, 231 Nijo (emperor), 22, 72, 77-78 Nijo castle, 34 Ninnanji, 30 Nishioka-ikki, 230 Nitta house, 141 Nitta Yoshisada, 211 Niu Shrine, 187 Nohara-no-sho, 179 Nybin-ryo, 88 Oba house, 141 Oban-yaku, 25 Oda Nobunaga: reiationship io Kyoio, 32; suppression of Kaga Ikku-ikki, 245 Okuyama-no-sho, 171 Onin War, 233 Ononomia Sanesuke, 45 Ono-no-sho, 177 IN DIX Osaka, 33 Olomaro Sonc-no-Muraji, 99 Otomo house, 98, 195 Ouchi Yoshihiro, 226 Oyama-no-sho : origins as a kanshofuz shiien, 101; naturę of tax immunity, 101-02, 103; land rcclamalion pro-jects, 102; administration, 102-03 [zasłonięte] 181 Palące of Flowers (Hana-no-goxho), 28 1'assin, Herbert, 45« Pimiko (quccn), 58 Pre-Heian eapitals. See Capitals Rai SarTyo, 61 Rakuchu. See Kyoto Rengo, 241 Rcnjun, 242, 243 Rcnko, 241 Rennyo, 239, 240 Rensei, 241 Retired emperor. See In Rikkokushi, 11 Risshóji tempie complex, 20-21 Ritsu-ryó land system, 91-92 Rddo, 50 Rokkaku Takayori, 241 Rokuhara: political basc of (he Mma¬rnoto, 24; following (he Jokyu War, 24-25 Rokuhara tandai: assigned to members oftheHujo house, 25, 172 Rokujó (emperor), 78 Rokujó Dono, 20 Ryd, 104 Ryoke: administrative control of shnen, 88; naturę of, 105, 107, 110, 119; re¬lationship with azukari-dokoro, III; powers, 123; jurisdictional auihority of, 151 Ryoke-shiki, 121, 122 Ryushu: assumption of ci vii admmistra-tive funclions, 104; naturę of, 119-21 Sadahito (prince). See Shirakawa Saeki Kagchiro, I32n Saga (emperor), 64, 66 Sagara house, 192 Sagara Nagauji (Rcndo), 192 Saimei (emperor), 5 JNDEX Sakai. -'O Sammon (Mount Hiei): patron of pa^n-brokers. 201, 203. 206; erosion of aulhority of, 20S Samurai, 49, 50 Samuroi-dokoro, 52 Sanehito (prince). 70. 71 5i2«y/. 18. 46 Sanjo Pałace. 22 Sansom, Sir George. 60», 61 Sata house. 192 Satake Hideyoshi, 141 Satodairi, 19 Sató Shin-ichi, 202,i Seiwa Genji: relalionship with Sekkanke. 50, origins of 50/;. 57 Sekkatt, 44 Sekkanke (regenfs house), 40; control of posts of sessho and kampaku, 44; relaf ionship with Seiwa Genji, 50; domination of the emperor. 57-58, 59 Sencoku daimyo: vassalage system, 234; expansion of power, 234-35; relations with kokujin, 234, 235; control of peasant movement, 244 Sesshd, 43, 44 SesshÓ-kampaku, 18 Shiba house, 232 Shiba Yoshitoshi, 233 Shibuya house, 159 Shida Yoshishiro, 142 Shijin, 49, 51 Shiki: function in late Heian shden, 107; defined, 112, 119; compared with mem-bership in a political faction, 112; original meaning, 119 Shikibu-shó, 47 Shimazu house, 195 Shtmokabe house, 159 Shimotsu-dokoro, 52 Shimotsuki Incident, 192 Shimotsuma Rensu, 240 Shin Kumano Shrine, 172 Shinzei. See Fuji wara Michinori Shirakawa (emperor): residences of, 20-22; as in, 20, 60, 73-74; confirmed as crown prince, 69; as emperor, 70-71; question of imperiał succession, 71-72; abdication of, 72; expansion of imperiał estates, 87 Shishigatani Affair, 78 267 Shishinden, 13. 15, 18, 34 Shitaji chubun: type of wayo setllement. 165; origins. 169-70; methods of. 170; resulting from failure of ukesho arrange-meni. 171; effects on jitó, 171, 174-strategy of rydke, 171; example of Miri Estate, 171-73; example of Oyama-no-sho, 173-77; increase in number of. 178; advantage to jitó, 178; advantage to rydke, 179; implications of, 179; problems of, 180-81; in the Muromachi period, 182; role of shugo in, 182; end of, 182-83 5/i.i, 94n Shoen: imperiał estates, 20-21, 80; changes in system of, 28; imperiał attempts at regulation, 69, 76, 117, 118; Kishin-type, 94, 121-22; definition of early, 94-95; administrative structure of early, 95; control of early, 96; pro-cess of formation of early, 96-97; naturę of tax immunity of early, 96; types of, 103; kanshofu-lypc, 103; origins of, 104-05; late Heian conglomerate typc, 105-08; mandokoro, 105; immunity; 106-07, 116, 121, 122; variations, 107; means of consociation in age of con-fiict, 118; original meaning, 119; pro-cess of '"endowment," 121-22; as "estate community," 122; defined, 123; in western provinces, 160; power re-lationships within, 162, 163, displace-ment by village organization, 233 Shokan, 105 Shóke, 105, 107 Shdmiti, 105, 107 Shómu (emperor), 7, 54 Shóni house, 195 Shoni Kagesuke, 185 Shori, 46 Shóshi (empress), 74-75, 159 Shóloku (prince), 54 Shugaishó, 79 Shugo: political role, 150; first appearance of, 153: impact on sdryd-sei inheritance pattern, 192; functions in the Kama-kura period, 210; functions in the Muromachi system, 211; powers com-pared withyitó, 211; abuse of powei"by, 214; expansion of power of, -17, - ». relations with Muromachi baku/u, -18. 268 INDEX opposition to, 223. 230; resislancc to Takakura (emperor). 23, 78 central control, 223; sources ofsupport, Takashina house, 84 224; strengths of. 226; relationship to Takeuchi Rizó, 62, I43n. I8l« shoen. 230; conflict with shugodai, T'ang China: Japanese borrowing from, 232; upset in balance of power between, 4-5, 6-7 233 ;collapseof, 233-34 Taruhito (prince). See Horikawa Shusodai: expanston of power, 232 Temmu (emperor), 5 Shugodaimyo, 244 Tenchi {emperor), 5 ShuiendaiJ9 Tenji (emperor), 42 Society in eastern provinces, 134-35 Tobą (emperor): imperiał residences, 20; Soga elan, 59 relationship to imperiał "vow" temples, So-gesu, 134 21; as In, 60, 74-76; as crown prince, So-jito, 150 72; relations with Sekkanke, 75; In- So-kan, 134 no-cho of, 76; creation of imperiał Sókoku, 236 shoen, 76, 87; division of imperiał tem- Soryd, I62» ple holdings among consorls and Soryc-sei. 191 daughters, 88 Sotsttibushi, 164 Tobą Detached Pałace, 20, 22 Sukehito (prince), 70, 71 Tódaiji, 22; as shoen holder, 97-101 Sutoku (emperor): relationship to im- Tódaiji Administrative Office (Sango), 100 perial "vo" temples. 21; rivalry with Tódaiji Construction Office (ZóTódaiji-Toba, 74-75; role in Hogen Disturb- chó), 99-100 ance, 76; abdication of, 76 Togashi house, 232, 238 Togashi Masachika, 238-41, 244 Taika kaishin, 5 Togashi Takaie, 238 Taikenmon'in, 88 Togashi Taneyasu, 242, 244 Taira house: Rokuhara residence, 22; Togashi Yasutaka, 241, 242, 244 competition with In and great mon- Toki Yoshiyuki, 205 asteries, 22; surname for nonroyal im- Tokushi yoron, 61 perial princes, 56; differing views of Tokusd: head of the Hójo house, 194 ascendancy of, 127-28; relationship Toner i, 49, 51 with In, 131-32; significance of defeat Toyoda Takeshi, 166H in Gempei War, 134; loss of support, Toyotomi Hideyoshi: relationship to 138-39; defeat of 139, 143-44, 147; Kyoto, 32-34 compromise in the Kanto, 140 Tsubowake chubtm, 165 Taira Kiyomori: rise of, 22, 128; move of Tsnchi-ikki: attacks on Kyoto, 31; up-imperial capital to Fukuhara, 23; risings in fifteenth century, 226-33; relations with Go-Shirakawa, 78, 132; bushi participation, 228, 230, 231; effects of dictatorship of, 124; naturę of purpose of, 229; social composttion ot control of central government, 129-32; 229-30; decline of, 233 recognition of weakness, 133-34 Tsukae-dokoro, 79 Taira Masako, 131 Taira Masatsura, 189 Uda (emperor), 64, 66 Taira (Kumagaya) Naotoki, 171-73 Uda Genji, 57 Taira polity, 133-34 Uesugi, 245 Taira Shigehira, 131 Uesugi Kenshin, 243 Taira Shigeko, 68, 77, 78 UJi: pre-Taika, 39-41. 43; interpretaltons Taira Sukenao, 172 of, 40-4ln; transformalion following Taira Tokuko, 78 Tatka reform, 41-42; persistence in lale Taira Yoritsuna 196 Heian period, 43-44; ceremoniał func- Takahilo (prince). See Go-Sanjo tions, 44// INDEX 269 Ujigami, 41 Yamalo stale: position of emperor, 74n Uji-no-choja, 42, 45« Yamato uji, 41-42 Uji-no-kami. 41, 42^ł3 Yano shd, 180 Ukesho, 160, 165; examples of, 166-68; Yasaka Shrine, 22 central proprietor dissatisfaction with, Yasuda Genkyu, 179 168-69; cancellation of, 171 Yoriai, 231 Usa Hachiman Shrine, 172, 173, 186, 187 Yoshimura Shigeki, 62 Ushigahara-no-shó, 83 Za system, 26 Wada, house, 182 Zasshó, 166 Wada Hidemitsu, 61 Zen-bu, 52 Warrior ;**/. See Kuni-ikki Zer, monasteries: relationship to dvii and Wasa-no-sho, 178 military aristocracy, 28-30 Wayo, 165-66 Zuishin-dokoro, 52 Zuryó: client relationship with In, 21, 85 Yamagawa house, 238, 241 88, 115-16; as keishi, 49; new inter- Yamahigashi-sho, 81 pretations of, 62; definition, 62n; func- Yamana Mochitoyo, 233, 238 tions of, 115, 116; sources of power, Yamanouchi house, 167 116-117; judicial functions, 117; ex- Yamashiro kuni-ikki, 235-37 pansion of power, 118