The ISHTAR project was one of the European Union's Fourth Framework Projects in Health Telematics. It has developed the healthcare security work of the Third Framework AIM project SEISMED, which produced four books in the IOS series of Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, vols 27, 31-33. The material produced ranges from the ISHTAR White Paper which provides an overview of the security issues in healthcare for non-technical readers to an appreciation of the security issues associated with the increasing use of middleware. It starts with the EC Data Protection Directive and follows on to the issues of liability in healthcare telematics. The problems in establishing an effective incident reporting scheme are explored together with the verification activities that were used to explore the security guidelines across Europe. The ISHTAR Security Training course is described as well as the ISHTAR Security Manager, SecureMan, that resulted from the creation of a database of security measures in place of the paper-based previous work.