Public space is under siege. The compulsion to consume, increased monitoring, and continuous traffic expansion will bring fundamental change to the appearance of cities. In 1998, Folke Kobberling and Martin Kaltwasser began implementing their concept of an artistic and architectural aesthetic of resistance to this appropriation. Using 'structural interventions' in streets, squares, bridges, parks and interior spaces they propose alternatives formed of urban 'waste': litter, trash, and other discarded or donated material.