David W. Bates
Enlightenment Aberrations
Error and Revolution in France
Cornell University Press 2002
Stron XIII+262, format: 16x24 cm
In Enlightenment Aberrations, David W. Bates shows that error was a complex, important, and by no means entirely negative concept in Enlightenment thought, one that had a decisive influence in revolutionary debates on po¬litical identity and national history. What can it mean to write a history of error? In Bates's view, all philosophy, insofar as its project is the search for truth, begins in error. If truth is posited as a goal to be attained, not as a given of some kind, then error assumes a central role in the quest for truth. Going beyond both liberal celebrations and postmodern critiques of Enlightenment reason, Bates reveals just how crucial the problematic rela¬tion between human "wandering" and the mystery of truth was in eighteenth-century thought.
The author draws on a wide range of Enlight¬enment thinkers, including Etienne Bonnot de Condillac, Jean d'Alembert, Marie-Jean-
Antoine-Nicolas Caritat, Marquis de Condorcet, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Charles Bonnet, showing how they wrestled with the "risk and promise" of error. He then demonstrates how the concept of error and its dialectical relationship to truth played out in the political culture of the French Revolution, particularly in the Terror. In the final chapters, Bates looks at the postrevolutionary transfor¬mations of the Enlightenment discourse of error and its subsequent history in modern European thought.
DAVID W. BATES is Assistant Professor in the Department of Rhetoric at the University of California, Berkeley.
Contents
Preface vii
1. Aberrations of Enlightenment 1
2. Wandering in the Space of Knowledge 19
3. Improper Couplings: Language, Judgment, and
Epistemological Desire 41
4. Cutting through Doubt: Condorcet and the
Political Decision 73
5. "The General Will Cannot Err": Representation
and Truth in Early Revolutionary
Political Thought 98
6. The Terror: Marking Aberration in the Body Politic 138
7. A Counter-Revolutionary Politics of Sin 179
8. Deviant Repetitions: Birth and Rebirth in Biology
and History 210
Epilogue: Modern Error 243
Index 257
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