There are so many ways in which health might be improved today and, as technology improves, the opportunities will increase. However, there are limits to budgets as well as other resources so choices have to be made about what to spend money and time on. Economic evaluation can help set out the value of the costs and benefits from competing choices. This book examines how to undertake economic evaluation of health care interventions in low, middle and high income countries. It covers: ways in which economic evaluations might be structured; approaches to measuring and valuing costs and effects; interpreting and presenting evidence; and, appraising the quality and usefulness of economic evaluations.