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Daniel to Paul
Jews in Conflict with Graeco-Roman Civilization: Historical & Religious Background to the Hasmoneans, Dead Sea Scrolls, the New Testament World, Early Christianity, and the Bar-Kochba War
ed. by G. Cornfeld et al.
New York 1962
Stron 377; DUŻY format: 22x28cm
212 czarno-białych ilustracji oraz 34 kolorowe
Książka jest wycofana z biblioteki: ekslibris na pierwszej stronie, podniszczona obwoluta /zdjęcie na życzenie/. Stan dobry.
The subject-matter of the book comes close to the heart of modern civilization and raises questions on which many differing opinions are held. In the western classical tradition, the glory of Greece and the might of Rome have overshadowed the significance of developments on the eastern limits of the Mediterranean. But in oriental Judea, the impact of Graeco-Roman civilization triggered off a series of events which left an indelible mark on the history of western civilization.
The four centuries from the end of the Old Testament to the closing scenes of the New, i.e. from the conquests of Alexander to the rise of Christianity, were a time of crucial events and of deep soul-searching thought. The passionate dialogue between secular forces and religious beliefs, culminating in the conflict between Jewish faith and Roman might, gave rise to both normative Judaism and Christianity. For a time it seemed as though everything must give way to the power of Rome—and this is the theme of the picture on our jacket. Nevertheless the spiritual forces working below the surface were ultimately to have the greater effect on history.
The parallel development of these two trends is the theme of this book. Events and philosophies are viewed in terms of the literature of the period, which, with the exception of the New Testament, is practically unknown. The text includes a summary of the wealth of historical and archaeological data, much of it newly discovered, which bears on the period, illuminated by hundreds of magnificent documentary photographs, many in colour. Together, illustrations and text carry the reader directly into the scenes and emotions of the age.
In ordering DANIEL TO PAUL from Israel, it was the American publisher's intention to offer the English-language reader a fresh and original viewpoint to put beside the familiar Protestant, Catholic or American-Jewish interpretations. Accordingly the editor, Gaalyahu Cornfeld, has not only woven a variety of novel themes into a fascinating canvas. He
has also been careful to preserve a balance between conflicting views. In this he has had the co-operation of an international group of scholars, both Jewish and Christian, in Israel, America and England. They ensure that this book reflects the same objectivity and penetration with which ADAM TO DANIEL dealt with the background to the Old Testament and its world of antiquity. DANIEL TO PAUL, the historical sequel, is patterned on the earlier volume. The interwoven development of monotheism, messianism, hellenism, Roman rule, oriental nationalism and spiritual stress forms the central theme of the book. This embraces a comprehensive estimate of continuity and differences between the beliefs of the Dead Sea sectaries and early Christianity ; a historical evaluation of John the Baptizer, Jesus of Nazareth, the Jewish-Christians and Paul, and a historical perspective on the attitudes of the Jewish people at the beginning of the Christian era. The text incorporates many quotations from the literature of the period. The accompanying photographic illustrations from Israel and sources scattered through the museums and archives of the world are in themselves a monumental contribution, many of them being hitherto unpublished or known only to narrow circles.
Too often, books intended for the general reader fall far short of scientific standards of accuracy and judgment. The professional popularizer cannot control the sources of information and may be committed to views not based on accepted fact. On the other hand, scholarly works tend to use a specialized jargon and too many technical terms. Between the two extremes, an occasional book appears, created by a capable team of editors whose work is both scholarly and readable. DANIEL TO PAUL fits triumphantly into this rare category.
The value of the book and its companion volume, ADAM TO DANIEL, is greatly enhanced by the General Index of subjects, names and documentary illustrations covering the Old Testament, the inter-Testamental period and the New Testament.
CONTENTS
Acknowledgments . . . . .. . . . V
Foreword .......... IX
A. THE HELLENISTIC AND HASMONEAN PERIOD
I. ON THE EVE OF THE MACCABEAN REVOLT 1
II. THE WAR OF LIBERATION AND THE HASMONEAN PRINCES . 29
The House of the Hasmoneans ..... 40 The Hasmonean Kingdom . . . . .55
III. THE CULTURAL CLIMATE OF THE HASMONEAN PERIOD . 67
The Bridge Between the Testaments — The Apocrypha, Apocalyptic Teachings and Literary Survivals of the Qumran Sect.
Stories and Homilies — Recensions and Additions to the Old Testament — Wisdom Literature — Relevance
of Apocalyptic — Historical Writings .... 73
B. THE ROMAN PERIOD
IV. THE HASMONEANS IN DECLINE..... 94
V. HEROD KING OF THE JEWS...... 110
The Temple Rebuilt...... 129
VI. ROMANS AND JEWS....... 138
VII. THE CULTURAL AND SOCIAL CLIMATE IN PALESTINE
AND THE DISPERSION, Part I..... 146
The Pharisees and their Organization .... 149
The Sadducees ....... 161
Part II, In the Jewish Dispersion (Diaspora) . . 165
C. JEWISH SECTARIES AND CHRISTIAN ORIGINS
VIII. THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS AND THEIR RELATION TO
EARLY CHRISTIANITY, Part I.....179
The Cultural Climate of Qumran — Historical Background — Organization and Customs as revealed by Excavation — Beliefs and Sacraments . . .185
Part IP. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SECTARIAN JUDAISM
AND EARLY CHRISTIANITY......209
Conclusions . . . . . . . . 217
IX. JOHN THE BAPTIZER, I. Historical . . . .224
II. Significance of the Movement . 234 III. "Galilee of the Nations" . . 239
X. JESUS OF NAZARETH.......243
Part I, RECORD OF THE TIMES, LIFE AND HISTORY OF JESUS 247
The Trial of Jesus ....... 265
Part II, DIFFERENCES IN INTERPRETATION IN THE
JEWISH AND CHRISTIAN TRADITIONS . . .277
XI. JESUS TO PAUL........284
Simon Kephas — Peter . . . . . .285
Paul........ .301
D. THE GREAT WAR AND ITS AFTERMATH
XII. BREAKDOWN AND RECONSTRUCTION . . . .321
I. The Great War.......328
II. Israel Rising from the Ashes .... 338
XIII. BAR-KOSBA PRINCE OF ISRAEL
I. New Waves of Messianism under Trajan and Hadrian 345 II. Jews and Jewish-Christians, 130—140 C.E. . . 361
Index to "Adam to Daniel" and "Daniel to Paul" . . .369
Acknowledgments for Illustrations — List of Colour Plates . . 377
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