The book focuses on the brain structures that are essential for the formation of relationships, personality development, and emotions. It attempts to provide an understanding of the way that the uniquely human nervous system develops capacities for empathy, mentalization, and reflection that enable us to address such aspects as past and presence, interpersonal relations, ethics, art, and aesthetics. Each chapter seeks to present the necessary knowledge for an understanding of our inherent neural basis for interpersonal interactions. The individual chapters can be read independently. Some passages will be more demanding than others and may be safely skipped without rendering the rest of the text meaningless.