The celebrations of the twentieth anniversary of the fall of the Berlin wall provoked a debate on the outcomes of the transition process in the post-communist countries, including a debate on the functioning of civil society. This provides a good opportunity for researchers to collect new data and revise the discourse on collective action and the dynamics of civil society in these countries. Jacobsson and Saxonberg's collection on social movements, their forms of mobilization and organizing, as well as action repertoires in relation to the social context and their success or failure. It meets an important need in the discourse on post-communist social movements by going beyond the usual discourse about the weak and non-participatory civil society in the post-communist context. This book gives a nuanced and updated view of social movements in post-communist Europe, by looking at the cases of relatively successful mobilization, by examining groups that have often been neglected in the discourse on social movements and civil society (including animal rights groups, racist movements and non-feminist family organizations), and by giving a deeper analysis of the different types of strategies that civil society organizations and groups can use. Rather than expecting social movements in post-communist Europe to follow the same patterns and operate in the same fashion as in Western Europe, this volume shows that a wider view of contentious action is needed in order to understand the variety of choices of strategies employed by collective actors operating in this context.