DESCRIPTIONS OF PLATES
(Front cover) Trevithick's 2 2 0 London locomotive, (Frontispiece) Stephenson's 2-2-2 North Star locomotive:
Catch me who can, 1808 Great Western Railway, 1837
Based on an original engraved card. A single vertical cylinder Museum drawing based on original Stephenson's working
directly drove both rear wheels by return connecting rods. drawings and a sketch by E. T. Lane made about 1848. This
Cast-iron boiler. Weight 8 tons. Said to have reached 12 m.p.h. broad gauge engine had 16 in. by 16 in. cylinders. Wheelbase
1233 ft. Heating surface 044-6 sq. ft. Weight c. 18-5 tons. Steam pressure 50 to GO lb. per sq. in, Four-eccentric forked gab valve gear.
Plate 1. Trevithick's Coalbrookdale locomotive, 1803 Museum drawing based on an original contemporary sketch. A single horizontal cylinder, 4-75 in. by 30 in., enclosed in a cast-iron return-flue boiler and provided with a flywheel, drove the wheels on one side only through spur gears. Steam was distributed through plug valves worked by tappets. Cylinder placed at same end of boiler as furnace door. Boiler pressure c. 50 lb. per sq. in. Cast-iron plate rails. Axles mounted directly on boiler, without a separate frame. No flanges on wheels.
Plate 2. Trevithick's 0—1-0 Newcastle locomotive, 1805 From an original contemporary drawing. A single horizontal cylinder, 9 in. by ;JO in., with flywheel, drove both axles by gearing. Cylinder placed at opposite end of boiler to furnace door. Probably the first railway locomotive with flanged wheels. The rails were of wood and probably too weak. No separate frame. A water tank appears to have been fitted under the boiler. Plug and tappet valve gear. Flanged wheels.
Plate 3. Blenkinsop's rack locomotive, 1812
Museum drawing based mainly on contemporary prints and descriptions. Two vertical cylinders, 9 in. by 22 in., driving separate cranks at right angles were geared to the rack wheel which worked in a rack cast on the edge rails on one side only of the track. The carrying wheels were not driven. Plug valves driven by fixed eccentrics. Reversing by turning plugs through 90 degrees. Cast-iron boiler. Weight about 5 tons. Inside wooden frame carried a small water tank. Flanged wheels.
Plate 4. Hedley's 0-8-0 locomotive for Wylam, 1813-14
From an engraving in Wood's A Practical Treatise on Railroads, 1825. Three similar engines were made. One, Puffing 5*
Billy, had two vertical cylinders, 9 in. by 36 in., one on each side of the boiler and partly enclosed in it, and drove a single crankshaft coupled to the wheels by spur gearing. Wrought-iron return -Hue boiler having 77 sq. ft. beating surface and working at 50 lb. per sq. in. Weight 8-3 tons. Slide valves worked by tappets. Separate inside wooden frames and tender for fuel and water.
Plate 5. Stephenson's 0-4-0 Killing-worth locomotive,
c. 1815
From an original water-colour, possibly made by George Stephenson. Two vertical cylinders, 9 in. by 24 in., enclosed in the single-flue wrought-iron boiler. Each cylinder drove one axle by return connecting rods, the axles being coupled by a chain. Heating surface c. 80 sq. ft. Weight c. 6 tons. Steam pressure 50 lb. per sq. in. Wheel base 7-17 ft. Slide valves were driven by loose eccentrics, so as to give reverse. Inside horizontal plate frame. Flanged wheels.
Plate 6. Stephenson's 0-4-0 Locomotion for the Stockton
and Darlington Railway, 1825
Museum drawing based mainly on contemporary illustrations and descriptions and the existing remains. Two vertical cylinders, 9-5 in. by 24 in., enclosed in singlc-fluc boiler. Each cylinder drove one of the axles which were connected by outside coupling rods. Heating surface c. 60 sq. ft. Weight c. 7 tons. Wheel base 517 ft. No separate frame. Loose eccentric valve gear.
Plate 7. Hackworth"s 0-6-0 Royal George locomotive,
Stockton and Darlington Railway, 1827
Museum drawing based mainly on contemporary drawings and descriptions. Two inverted vertical cylinders, 11 in. by 20 in., one on each side of and outside the return-flue boiler, drove the same axle directly. The other two axles were mounted on springs and connected to the driving axle by outside coupling rods. Single blast pipe. Weight c. 8-4 tons. Heating surface 141
sq. ft. Wheel base 8 ft. G in. Inside horizontal plate frame. Loose eccentric valve gear. Direct loaded spring safety-valve.
Plate 8. Stephenson's 0-4-0 Lancashire Witch locomotive,
1828
From plates in Annales des Mines, Tome VI, 1829. Two inclined outside cylinders, 9 in. by 24 in., at the firebox end of the boiler, drove the front wheels. The boiler had two single flues and had a heating surface of 66 sq. ft. Wheclbase 5 ft. Weight 7 tons. A wooden inside frame was used and both axles were mounted on springs. Loose eccentric valve gear.
Plate 9. Braithwaite and Ericsson's 0-2-2 Novelty well-tank locomotive, 1829
From a lithograph by It. Martin. Two vertical cylinders, 6 in. by 12 in., drove one axle, through bell-cranks and an inside crankshaft. The boiler had a vertical firebox and a horizontal barrel containing a single tube 81 ft. long which reversed its direction twice before reaching the funnel. Boiler pressure 50 lh. per sq. in. Heating surface was about 42-5 sq. ft. The engine weighed .'5-85 tons. Wheelbase 6ft. Both axles mounted on springs. Bellows provided the draught. Inside wooden frame. Two fixed eccentrics and gab valve gear for reversing.
Plate 10. Stephenson's Rocket 0-2-2 o.c, locomotive, Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 1829
Museum drawing based on remains and contemporary illustrations and descriptions. Two outside inclined cylinders, 8 in. by 16-5 in., drove the front axle. The cylindrical boiler had 25 copper liretubes, an external copper firebox and no smokebox. The steam was exhausted into two contracted jets opening upwards near the bottom of the chimney. Boiler pressure c. 50 lb. per sq. in. Heating surface 138 sq. ft. Both axles sprung. Weight 4-25 tons. Wheelbase 4 ft. Inside horizontal plate and bar frame. Loose eccentric valve gear with fixing mechanism.
Plate 11. Stephenson's Northumbrian 0-2-2 o.c. locomotive, Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 1830
From an engraving by I. Shaw, 1831. Generally similar to the Rocket, but the cylinders, 11 in. by 10 in., were nearly horizontal and the boiler had an internal firebox and a smokebox. Heating surface 411-75 sq. ft. Weight 7-3 tons. Wheelbase 7'5 ft. The main frames were formed of vertical plates to which the axle-box horns were bolted.
Plate 12. Stephenson's Planet 2-2-0 i.e. locomotive,
Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 1.830
From a contemporary lithograph by II. Austen. The boiler was similar to the Northumbrian and had a heating surface of -108 sq. ft. The cylinders, 11 in. by 16 in., were placed horizontally below the smokebox and drove the back axle. A central single contracted blast pipe in the smokebox opened near the bottom of the funnel. Uoiler pressure 50 lb. per sq. in. Weight S tons. Wheelbase 5 ft. 2 in. Outside wooden frame strengthened in places by metal plates. From this the sandwich frame was developed.
Plate 13. Stephenson's George Sleplwnson 0-4-0 i.e.
locomotive, Glasgow and Gamkirk Railway, 1831
From a woodcut in D. O. Hill's Views of the Glasgow and Gamkirk Railway, 18;S2. The engine was of the Samson, or four-coupled Planet, type used for goods trains. The cylinders, 11 in. by 16 in., drove the back axle and were slightly inclined so that the piston rod worked below the leading axle. Heating surface 319-17 sq. ft. Pressure 50 lb. per sq. in. Weight said to be 6Ł tons, empty. Outside sandwich frame.
Plate 14. Forrester's Vauxhall 2-2-0 o.c. locomotive, Dublin and Kingstown Railway, 1834
Museum drawing based on Plate VI, Fig. 5, in Deghilage's Origine de la Locomotive, 1886 and other sources. Horizontal
outside cylinders, 11 in. by 38 in., with vibrating pillar parallel motion. Said to have had four-eceentric gab valve gear. Double outside plate frame. Weight 11 tons.
Plate 15. Stephertson's 0-4-2 i.e. goods locomotive, Stanhope and Tyne Railway, c. 1834
From a lithograph in F. W- Simms' Public Works of Great Britain, 1838. Probably one of the three built for this line in 1834. These had 14 in. by 18 in. cylinders. Heating surface c. 420 sq. ft. Outside sandwich frame. Loose eccentric valve gear.
Plate 16. Tayleurs 0-6-0 i.e. locomotive, Leicester and Swannington Railway, 1835
Museum drawing based on an original Tayleur working drawing. Cylinders 10 in. by 20 in. Heating surface, 631-4 sq. ft. Weight 17 tons. Wheelbase 11 ft. 1 in. Outside sandwich frame. Loose eccentric valve gear.
Plate 17. Bury's 2-2-0 i.e. locomotive, London and
Birmingham Railway, 1837-39
Based on tracings from original Bury working drawings and contemporary illustrations. The dimensions of wheels and wheelbase do not agree with any particular engine on the L. & B. R., but the design is like those ol1 Bury's early engines. Cylinders probably 12 or 13 in. by 18 in. Weight c. 10 tons. Wbeelbase 6 ft. 5 in. Heating surface c. 463 sq. ft. Four eccentric valve gear.
Plate 18. Stephenson's 2-2-2 i.e. standard passenger engine, 1838
From an engraving in J. Weale's Description of the Patent Locomotive Steam Engine, 1838. Cylinders 12 in. by 18 in. Boiler pressure 50 lb. per sq, in. Wheelbase 9 ft. 2 in. Four eccentric valve gear.
Plate 19. Norris' 4-2-0 o.c. locomotive, probably Birmingham and Gloucester Railway, 1 839^12
From an original water-colour by E. T. Lane, dated 29.0.1849. An American-designed engine, with front bogie and bar frame. The B. & G. R. had forty of these, made between 1838 and 1840, and the example shown was probably built by the Nasmyth firm hi England. Cylinders probably 11 Ł in. by 20 in. Boilei pressure c. !>~> lb. per sq. in. Wheelbase 9 ft. fi in. Four eccentric valve gear.
Plate 20. Kitson's 0-6-0 i.e. Hector 'long boiler' locomotive, York and North Midland Railway, 1845
Museum drawing based on original Ki'tson working drawings. Cylinders 15 in. by 24 in. Heating surface 874 sq. ft. Wheelbase 11 ft. :i in. Weight probably c. 22 tons. Stcphenson's link valve gear. Inside plate frame with liorn plates bolted on. Hoiler pressure probably c. 80 lb. per sq. hi.
Plate 21. Stephenson's 'A' type (2-2J-2-0 o.c. 'long boiler' locomotive, London and North Western Railway (S. Division), 1846-47
Museum drawing based on original Stephenson working drawings and other early sources. Cylinders 15 in. by 24 in. Wheelbase 13 ft. Boiler heating surface 830 sq. ft. The largest engines of this type on the L.N.W.R. had 939-1 sq. ft. healing surface and weighed 24-2 tons.
Plate 22. Allan's 2-2-2 o.c. Velocipede passenger locomotive (No. 187), London and North Western Railway (N. Division), 1847
From an original water-colour by A. Allan. This illustration shows an Allan design with 7-ft. driving wheels. Noliec also the use of large outside eccentrics. Cylinders 15 in. by 20 in, Wheelbase c. 13 ft. Mixed frame. Weight c. 19Ł tons. Heating
14
The British Railway Locomotive
surface c. 700 sq. ft. 120 lb. per sq. in. Only one engine of this experimental form was made, though many other similar engines were built with G ft. and 7 ft. driving wheels.
Plate 23. Sharp's 2-2-2 i.e. locomotive, 1847
From a contemporary engraving. This represents a standard Sharp 'single' of the period. The typical outside sandwich frame and boiler fittings will be noticed.
Plate 24. Wilson's 2-2-2 i.e. Jenny Lind locomotive, 1847 Based on prints of drawings published in Practical Mechanics, 1848. Cylinders 15 in. by 20 in. Heating surface 800 sq. ft. Wheelbase 13 ft. 0 in. Pressure 120 lb. per sq. in. Mixed frame. Typical Wilson boiler fittings.
Plate 25. Gooch's 0-6-0 i.e. Pyracmon locomotive, Great Western Railway, 1847
From an early water-colour. A broad gauge design with l(i in.
by 24 in. cylinders and inside sandwich frame. Weight 27Ł tons.
Wheelbase 15 ft. 5 in. Boiler pressure 115 lb. per sq. in. and
heating surface 1373 sq. ft. Pyracmon or Alligator elass.
Gooch's, or stationary link, valve gear.
Plate 2fi. Gooch's 2-2-2 i.e. Queen locomotive, Great
Western Railway, 1847
From a water-colour by E. T. Lane, dated July 3rd, 1849. Broad gauge engine with inside sandwich frame. Cylinders lti in. by 24 in. Boiler pressure c. 100 lb. per sq. in. Heating surface 1081 sq. ft. Weight c. 26-2 tons. Whcelbase 14 ft. 10 in. Prince elass engine.
Plate 27. Gooch's (2-2)-2-2 i.e. Iron Duke locomotive,
Great Western Railway, 1847
From an engraving in Trcdgold's The Steam Engine, Part 1, Plate 1,1851. Broad gauge engine with outside sandwich frame. Cylinders 18 in. by 24 in. Boiler pressure originally 100 lb. per
sq. in.; later increased to 115 lb. per sq. in. Heating surface 1944-8 sq. ft. Weight 35J tons. Wheelbase 15 ft. fi in. Gooeh's valve gear. Iron Duke class engine.
Plate 28. Bury's (2-2 -2)-2-0 o.e. Liverpool locomotive, London and North Western Railway, 1848
From a water-colour by E. T. Lane, dated Sept. 20th, 1849.
Cylinders 18 in. by 24 in. Hoiler heating surface 2290 sq. ft.
Steam pressure 120 lb. per sq. in. Wheelbase 18 ft. 5| in.
Weight 35 tons. Stephcnson link motion. Mixed frame.
Plate 29. Gooeh's 4-4-0 i.e. Corsair saddle tank locomotive, Great Western Railway, 1849
Plate VII from D. K. Clark's Railway Machinery, 1855. Broad
gauge engine. Cylinders 17 in. by 24 in. Wheelbase 18 ft. 2 in.
Weight 35J tons. Inside frames. Gooch's link motion. Bogie
class engine. Skid rail brake.
Plate 30. Hawthorn's 2-4-0 i.e. locomotive (No. 2), Oxford, Wolverhampton and Worcester Railway, 1852
From a water-colour by D. Joy, dated August 1858. Cylinders Hi in. by 20 in. Boiler heating surface 1098 sq. ft. Wheelbase 15 ft. 6 in. Weight 300 tons. Stephenson's link motion. Outside sandwich frame.
Plate 31. Stephenson's 2-2-2 i.e. locomotive, (No. 130), Midland Railway, 1852
From an engraving in the Imperial Cyclopaedia of Machinery.
Cylinders 1G in. by 22 in. Boiler heating surface 1097 sq. ft.
Wheetbasc 15 ft. <> in. Outside sandwich frame.
Plate 32. Rothwell's 4-2 4 i.e. express tank locomotive, Bristol and Exeter Railway, 1853
From an early engraving. Broad gauge double-bogie engine designed by J. Pearson. Cylinders 16Ł in. by 24 in. Wheelbase 24 ft. 9 in. Weight 42 tons. 9-ft. driving wheels.
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